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Abstract

Indigenous peoples—those people who consider themselves, or are considered by others, to be Aboriginal, ‘‘First Nations,’’ native peoples, Fourth World peoples, or ‘‘original occupants’’ of specific places on the planet—have faced genocide, cultural destruction, and forced removal from their ancestral areas for thousands of years. Over the centuries, colonization—the expansion of populations into new areas and the exploitation of natural and human resources there—has led to significant declines in the populations of indigenous groups. As Patrick Brantlinger notes, ‘‘One of the main causes for these declines is not mysterious: violence, warfare, genocide.’’1

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